Sobre batteries
Sobre batteries
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For instance, energy can be stored in Zn or Li, which are high-energy metals because they are not stabilized by d-electron bonding, unlike transition metals. Batteries are designed so that the energetically favorable redox reaction can occur only when electrons move through the external part of the circuit.
The symbol for a battery in a circuit diagram. It originated as a schematic drawing of the earliest type of battery, a voltaic pile.
A wet cell battery has a liquid electrolyte. Other names are flooded cell, since the liquid covers all internal parts or vented cell, since gases produced during operation can escape to the air. Wet cells were a precursor to dry cells and are commonly used as a learning tool for electrochemistry. They can be built with common laboratory supplies, such as beakers, for demonstrations of how electrochemical cells work. A particular type of wet cell known as a concentration cell is important in understanding corrosion. Wet cells may be primary cells (non-rechargeable) or secondary cells (rechargeable). Originally, all practical primary batteries such as the Daniell cell were built as open-top glass jar wet cells.
The second way they can be used is in the same way as a primary battery, the difference is that can be charged once the battery has lost its charge. Normally this will involve connecting the battery to a certain power source, such as mains electricity to charge the battery for a short time. An example of this is a laptop, when the battery is running low you simply connected it to the mains to charge again.
seis volts per cell cylindrical and button batteries; used in digital cameras, small appliances high energy density; supports high discharge rates; long shelf life; expensive lithium-manganese dioxide lithium anode-manganese dioxide cathode with organic electrolyte; 2.8–3.2 volts per cell cylindrical and button batteries; used in digital cameras, small appliances high energy density; supports high discharge rates; long shelf life; expensive Secondary (rechargeable) batteries type chemistry sizes and common applications features lead-acid lead anode-lead dioxide cathode with sulfuric acid electrolyte wide range of sizes; used in automobiles, wheelchairs, children's electric vehicles, emergency power supplies cheapest and heaviest battery; long life; no memory effect; wide range of discharge rates Alkaline nickel-cadmium cadmium anode-nickel dioxide cathode with potassium hydroxide electrolyte common cylindrical jackets; used in power tools, cordless telephones, biomedical equipment excellent performance under heavy discharge; nearly constant voltage; best rechargeable cycle life; memory effect in some; cadmium highly toxic and carcinogenic if improperly recycled nickel-metal hydride lanthanide or nickel alloy anode-nickel dioxide cathode with potassium hydroxide electrolyte some cylindrical jackets; used in smoke alarms, power tools, cellular telephones high energy density; good performance under heavy discharge; nearly constant 1.2-volt discharge; no memory effect; environmentally safe Lithium lithium-ion carbon anode-lithium cobalt dioxide cathode with organic electrolyte most cylindrical jackets; used in cellular telephones, portable computers higher energy density and shorter life than nickel-cadmium; expensive; pelo memory effect
Primary batteries are designed to be used until exhausted of energy then discarded. Their chemical reactions are generally not reversible, so they cannot be recharged. When the supply of reactants in the battery is exhausted, the battery акумулатори бургас stops producing current and is useless.[29]
Benjamin Franklin first used the term "battery" in 1749 when he was doing experiments with electricity using a set of linked Leyden jar capacitors. [4] Franklin grouped a number of the jars into what he described as a "battery", using the military term for weapons functioning together.
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Batteries work by converting chemical energy into electrical energy. This process is known as electrochemical oxidation-reduction or redox. When a battery is in use, the chemical reaction produces electrons, which flow through the battery to power the attached device.
It can be hazardous to recharge disposable alkaline batteries, so the user should look closely at its label. #6 Zinc Carbon Batteries
It is a type of lead-acid battery in which the sulfuric acid electrolyte is condensed (thickened), so it cannot drain out. They are somewhat sealed but have vents if the gases are accidentally released by overcharging. This battery is designed to last up to 12 years.
The electrolyte is a solution that allows electrons to flow between the electrodes and the terminals.
Disposable batteries typically lose oito–20% of their original charge per year when stored at room temperature (20–30 °C).[57] This is known as the "self-discharge" rate, and is due to non-current-producing "side" chemical reactions that occur within the cell even when no load is applied. The rate of side reactions is reduced for batteries stored at lower temperatures, although some can be damaged by freezing and storing in a fridge will not meaningfully prolong shelf life and risks damaging condensation.
This growing need to store energy for a variety of applications has given rise to the development of several battery types, with researchers focused on ways to extend their life, expand their capacity, and reduce their costs.